Candium lab

INTRODUCTION:
For this lab we were trying to figure out how atomic mass work by using candy. And calculate the atomic mass by analyzing the isotopes of the candy.

HYPOTHESIS:
our hypothesis is that we will be able to separate the candy, and be able to find the atomic mass by weighing the candy and finding the mass of it.

MATERIALS:
The materials that we need for this lab are:
A sample of candium, and a triple beam balance

PROCEDURES:
1) The procedure was that we had to obtain a sample of candium
2) separate it into 3 isotopes. which are (peanut m&m's, reese's, and skittles)
3) Determine the total mass of each isotope
4) count the number of each isotope
5) record data and calculations in the data table, create a data table that has the following:
     1) average mass of each isotope
     2) percent abundance fo each isotope
     3) relative abundance of each isotope
     4) relative mass of each isotope
     5) average mass of all isotopes

DATA:
We also made a data table for this lab to help us keep the information organized, and be able to determine the mass of the candy. And we made our data tables using excel!

	Gobstoppers	Sixlets	M+M's	Skittles
Average Mass (Grams)	1.78	1.25	1.04	1.21
% Abundance	28%	8%	39%	24%
Relative Abundance	20	6	28	17
Relative Mass Of Each Isotope	1.71	1.2	1	1.15
Average Mass Of All Isotopes	35.61	7.49	29.15	20.6

DISCUSSION:
This lab applies to everyday life, because we use things like this to help us find how much u might weigh in another unit, we use it to help us make a decisions about wether or not something is right or wrong. We learned that we needed to be a little more careful with the candy, and have containers to put it in, b/c it was rolling all over the place.

CONCLUSION:
our hypothesis was right in that we knew pretty much what we were going to be doing, and we were able to do it fairly quickly, and it worked out how we wanted it to, and we were able to determine the mass of each isotope. In our data tables we were able to keep most of the info seperated, and clean.

Pennium lab

INTRODUCTION:
For the pennium lab we were trying to figure out atomic mass and how it was derived. To do so we made our own measure, the CMU, and used it to measure coins. The point of the lab was for us to be able to learn how scientists developed the system for AMU's.

HYPOTHESIS:
Our hypothesis was that we would be able to use all of the materials that we had, and use different equations to make our own unit of measure, the CMU. we also thought that it would come out being a weird thing that didnt work very well... but that it would be a complicated problem to figure out.

MATERIALS:
The materials that we used in this lab include:
About 10 pre-1982 pennies
About 10 post-1982n pennies
A nicke
A dime
A quarter
The triple beam balance, and a calculator

PROCEDURES:
Our procedure was that we first separated the pennies into pre 1982 pennies, and post 1982 pennies.
Next we measured, and recorded the mass of the pennies, bye dividing the weight, by how many there were!
We then measured the mass of the nickel, the dime, and the quarter, and recorded them on our lab.
After that we answered some questions about the lab, and how it worked, and then used the information that we had, and organized it into a table, and used it to calculate the equation for CMU.
After that we answered some more questions about the lab, and that was all....

DATA:
These are the data tables that we made for our lab, on excel, to help us organize the info that we got to help us use the equation!



                                                                                                                  Dimes

Pre 1982	Pre 1982	Post 1982	Quarters
Average Mass (Grams):	3.101	2.49	5.39	2.23
% of Pennies:	45%	55%	N/A	N/A
Relative Mass (CMU):	0.63	0.5	1.09	0.47

DISCUSSION:
Our data tables helped us see what the mass of the pennies, and other money according to the nickel. we could then use the information in the data table to put into our equation and figure out the CMU.

CONCLUSION:
Our hypothesis was mostly right, other than it really wasnt as hard as we thought that it would be, it really worked quite well, and we were able to do what the lab was meant to do! we found that there was a lot of info that we really needed to be able to figure out the CMU, but it really wasnt more than just figuring out the mass of the objects, and simply adding subtracting, multiplying, and dividing. This lab helped us to learn how scientists actually use and find equations. and really helped us appreciate what they do.

Tin foil lab

INTRODUCTION:
We were trying to figure out what would happen when we mixed together, tin foil and salt and hydro cloric acid together! And made a prediction on what would happen the father we went along.

HYPOTHESIS:
Our hypothesis was that the tin foil would just sit there and not do much, and we didnt think that the temp would change at all... that the blue stuff would completely dissolve!

MATERIALS:
The materials that we needed were a beaker, a stir rod, the blue salt stuff, a thermometer, a piece of tin foil, and water!

PROCEDURES:
we fist put the water in the beaker and took the temperature, then we put the salt stuff in and stirred it all up till it was all de-solved, and then took the temperature again, and then put the tin foil in it and stirred it up, and then took the temperature again, and then we observed as we stirred, and noticed that the tin foil started to go black and fall apart, and that the temperature started to rise, and then there were bubbles that  came out, and steam looking stuff that came off the top! Then we looked at the bottom of the beaker and noticed that there was red stuff starting to form... which was the copper from the tin foil...

DATA:
we just noticed that about every couple minutes the temperature of the mixture would rise, and it ended up rising about 10 degrease celsius. And it took a long time to stir the blue stuff till it all de-solved!

DISCUSSION:
we learned that even adding a few different thing together u can get pretty good results, and cane change things a lot!  some of the errors that would might have made are that me might not have kept the tinfoil ball loose enough.

CONCLUSION:
our hypothesis was wrong because we didnt have any idea what it would do. and what it did do was really cool! we reject our hypothesis b/c it was not even close to what actually happened! and had to pay close attention to what was going on!

Bubble lab

INTRODUCTION:
The purpose of the Bubble Lab was to answer the question of what solutions produce the largest bubbles.  Bubbles made at home, as a general rule, consist of water and dish soap. Depending on the solution, the sizes of the bubbles produced will vary. Our experiment was to make three equal mixtures of soap and water, and then put a half teaspoon of sugar in one and a half teaspoon of salt in the other. 


HYPOTHESIS:
Our hypothesis was that both the salt and sugar would decrease the size of the bubbles.


MATERIALS: 
we used three plastic drinking cups, liquid dish detergent, and spoon, water, table sugar, table salt, and a drinking straw!


PROCEDURES: 
First we got the cups, and put water in it about half full, then we got the soap and put about a teaspoon in each cup. In the first cup we put about a teaspoon of salt, in the second we put a teaspoon of sugar, and in the third we didn't put anything. we stirred them until they were well stirred, and got a straw and blew bubbles. we observed the bubbles of each of them, and came to the conclusion that the ones with sugar in them made the bubbles the best. 


DATA:
we just observed the bubbles and made conclusions on why they might work better with certain other things added to them! and found that sugar made the bubbles stronger, and more colorful! 


DISCUSSION:
The sugar worked the best, then the salt, and then the regular, we didn't know exactly why it worked that way, but that just they way it was. The sugar made the bubbles have a more colorful shine to them, which made them more amusing to look at! It was a relatively easy lab to do... and came with good results!


CONCLUSION:
Our hypothesis was wrong, because we thought that the sugar and salt would make the bubbles worse, but when we did the experiment we found that it was just the opposite, that the salt and sugar both made the bubbles better, and that the normal bubbles were not quite as good as the others, even tho all of them worked!